At the webpages of
Light and Matter,
composed by Benjamin Crowell,
you may find a nice explanation on how
angular momentum
relates to the mass,
the velocity
and the shape of an object.
He describes an experiment in which a sticky, plasticine-like substance,
called putty, is thrown at an open door in section 15.1.
When it hits the door, the door will recoil and start rotating.
From that experiment he concludes that
angular momentum
of a pointlike particle
is proportional to its mass,
its velocity
and its distance of impact.
An introduction to angular momentum
is elaborated by
WikipediA.
A more elaborate page on angular momentum
can be found also at
WikipediA,
which furthermore has a chapter on the
Conservation
of angular momentum.
Moments of inertia
for various shapes can be found again at
WikipediA.
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