Linear expansion coefficients

substance	α at 20oC in 10-6 K-1
Aluminium	23.0
Brass (Latão)	18.4
Steel (Aço)	11.0 ~ 16.0
Copper	16.8
Invar	1.5
Diamond	1.3
Tungsten	4.5
Ethanol	370

The thermal expansion of water and ice is very special.



The figure, which is borrowed from The Physics Hypertextbook and can be enlarged, shows that water is most dense at 4^oC. Ice is lighter than water.